考博英语作文话题之一：网民当选时代2006年度人物
Time's Person of the Year: You
The "Great Man" theory of history is usually attributed to the Scottish philosopher Thomas Carlyle, who wrote that "the history of the world is but the biography of great men." He believed that it is the few, the powerful and the famous who shape our collective destiny as a species. That theory took a serious beating this year.
To be sure, there are individuals we could blame for the many painful and disturbing things that happened in 2006. The conflict in Iraq only got bloodier and more entrenched. A vicious skirmish erupted between Israel and Lebanon. A war dragged on in Sudan. A tin-pot dictator in North Korea got the Bomb, and the President of Iran wants to go nuclear too. Meanwhile nobody fixed global warming, and Sony didn't make enough PlayStation3s.
But look at 2006 through a different lens and you'll see another story, one that isn't about conflict or great men. It's a story about community and collaboration on a scale never seen before. It's about the cosmic compendium of knowledge Wikipedia and the million-channel people's network YouTube and the online metropolis MySpace. It's about the many wresting power from the few and helping one another for nothing and how that will not only change the world, but also change the way the world changes. （）
The tool that makes this possible is the World Wide Web. Not the Web that Tim Berners-Lee hacked together (15 years ago, according to Wikipedia) as a way for scientists to share research. It's not even the overhyped dotcom Web of the late 1990s. The new Web is a very different thing. It's a tool for bringing together the small contributions of millions of people and making them matter. Silicon Valley consultants call it Web 2.0, as if it were a new version of some old software. But it's really a revolution.
And we are so ready for it. We're ready to balance our diet of predigested news with raw feeds from Baghdad and Boston and Beijing. You can learn more about how Americans live just by looking at the backgrounds of YouTube videos—those rumpled bedrooms and toy-strewn basement rec rooms—than you could from 1,000 hours of network television.
And we didn't just watch, we also worked. Like crazy. We made Facebook profiles and Second Life avatars and reviewed books at Amazon and recorded podcasts. We blogged about our candidates losing and wrote songs about getting dumped. We camcordered bombing runs and built open-source software.
America loves its solitary geniuses—its Einsteins, its Edisons, its Jobses—but those lonely dreamers may have to learn to play with others. Car companies are running open design contests. Reuters is carrying blog postings alongside its regular news feed. Microsoft is working overtime to fend off user-created Linux. We're looking at an explosion of productivity and innovation, and it's just getting started, as millions of minds that would otherwise have drowned in obscurity get backhauled into the global intellectual economy.
Who are these people? Seriously, who actually sits down after a long day at work and says, I'm not going to watch Lost tonight. I'm going to turn on my computer and make a movie starring my pet iguana? I'm going to mash up 50 Cent's vocals with Queen's instrumentals? I'm going to blog about my state of mind or the state of the nation or the steak-frites at the new bistro down the street? Who has that time and that energy and that passion?
The answer is, you do. And for seizing the reins of the global media, for founding and framing the new digital democracy, for working for nothing and beating the pros at their own game, TIME's Person of the Year for 2006 is you.
Sure, it's a mistake to romanticize all this any more than is strictly necessary. Web 2.0 harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom. Some of the comments on YouTube make you weep for the future of humanity just for the spelling alone, never mind the obscenity and the naked hatred.
But that's what makes all this interesting. Web 2.0 is a massive social experiment, and like any experiment worth trying, it could fail. There's no road map for how an organism that's not a bacterium lives and works together on this planet in numbers in excess of 6 billion. But 2006 gave us some ideas. This is an opportunity to build a new kind of international understanding, not politician to politician, great man to great man, but citizen to citizen, person to person. It's a chance for people to look at a computer screen and really, genuinely wonder who's out there looking back at them. Go on. Tell us you're not just a little bit curious.
关键字：《时代》 年度人物 网民
美国《时代》周刊16日评选出2006年度人物，不是具体的某个人，而是正在上网的“你”。这家杂志说，正是千千万万个网民浏览网站，创建博客、视频共享网站和交友网站，才使网络资讯爆炸性增长，推动传媒跻身大众唱主角的时代。
网民被选为2006年度影响力最大的人
没错，就是“你”。美国《时代》周刊16日评选出2006年度人物，不是具体的某个人，而是正在上网的“你”。这家杂志说，正是千千万万个网民浏览网站，创建博客、视频共享网站和交友网站，才使网络资讯爆炸性增长，推动传媒跻身大众唱主角的时代。一句话，《时代》周刊认为，每个使用互联网的网民才是2006年度影响力最大的人。
“业余记者”胜记者
《时代》周刊编辑列夫·格罗斯曼说，普通网民当选2006年度人物的理由是：把握了媒体全球化的脉搏；推动传媒跻身公众个体唱主角的时代；无偿工作（JOB），而且在专业媒体从业者自己的老本行上打败了他们。
这期《时代》杂志封面图案是一面镜子(左图)。对此，《时代》周刊编辑理查德·施滕格尔解释说：“你们，而非我们，改变了资讯时代，镜子恰如其分地反映了这一点。”
《时代》周刊从1927年以来每年评选年度人物，选择标准是：“一个人或一些人，对于新闻媒体和我们的生活影响最大，不管这种影响是好是坏；能够代表本年度最重要的新闻事件，无论这种事件是好是坏。”
本年的评选中，“你”击败的候选人中不乏名人，如伊朗总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪－内贾德和领导国会跨党派“伊拉克研究小组”的美国前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克等。
个人网民影响大
格罗斯曼说，虽然2006年也有大量新闻事件主角引人注意，但换个角度，却可以看到事态成长的另一面，那就是互联网网民之间前所未有的交流与合作。
格罗斯曼列举的例子中，有维基百科网站Wikipedia，视频共享网站YouTube以及个人博客网站“我的空间”（MySpace）。这些网站的一同点是浏览者可以自行上传数据、修改或更新网页内容。
个人对传媒影响的加大还有其他一些体现。美国微软企业面临来自开放源代码操作系统Linux的强劲挑战，更有甚者，路透社已将博客条目与常规新闻一同播出。
“大量人无偿相互帮助，这不但改变了世界，也改变了世界得以改变的方法，”格罗斯曼说。
“网民”当选《时代》年度人物
考博英语作文话题之二：社会主义荣辱观
The socialist outlook on honor and shame (the "eight honor and eight shame" outlook)：The cadres and masses, especially our young people, should be educated in the socialist outlook on honor and shame, which advocates
honor to those who love the motherland, and
shame on those who do harm to her;
honor to those who serve the people, and
shame on those who are divorced from them;
honor to those who quest for science, and
shame on those who prefer to be ignorant;
honor to those who are hard-working, and
shame on those who detest having to work;
honor to those who unite and help people, and
shame on those who gain at the expense of others;
honor to those who are honest and trustworthy, and
shame on those who forsake good for the sake of gold;
honor to those who are disciplined and law-abiding, and
shame on those who violate laws and disciplines; and
honor to those who uphold hard struggle, and
shame on those who indulge in a dissipated life.
注意道德建设
树立社会主义荣辱观:知荣明耻，重在实践
胡锦涛总书记提出的以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观,是非标准鲜明,价值方向明确,体现了中华民族传统美德和当今时代精神的结合,体现了依法治国和以德治国的有机统一,具有鲜明的民族性、时代性、实践性和针对性。树立社会主义荣辱观,对于进一步匡正社会风气、提高文明程度、推动和谐社会建设,都具有重要的指导意思。我们要认真学习贯彻胡锦涛总书记的重要讲话精神,深入开展社会主义荣辱观学习教育活动,知荣明耻,注重实践,在知行合一中树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。
“风俗,天下之大事也。”“求治之道,莫先于正风俗。”当前,我国改革开放和现代化建设跻身一个关键时期,随着经济社会的快速成长,随着各种文化的相互激荡,人们的思想观念、生活方法和价值取向不可避免地受到影响。在这种大背景下,让社会主义荣辱观成为引领社会风尚的一面旗帜,用社会主义荣辱观移风易俗,形成良好的社会风尚,动员和激励全体人民以良好的精神状态去推动全面建设小康社会和构建和谐社会进程,显得尤为重要。我们要站在这样的高度,充分认识开展学习和实践社会主义荣辱观的重要性和紧迫性,在思想上牢固树立社会主义荣辱观,在行动上努力实践社会主义荣辱观。 （kaobo.net编辑）
知荣明耻,重在实践。“道德者,行也。”道德品质是通过道德做法表现出来的。道德认知对于养成良好的道德品质固然十分重要,但如果只停留于道德认知而不付诸行动,只知道什么是荣辱而不在行动上切实地为荣拒辱,那就不会有现实效果。知荣明耻的目的不是坐而论道,而是起而践行。在社会主义荣辱观的学习实践中,一个非常重要的问题,就是坚决避免知行脱节、言行不一、口是心非的现象。
社会主义荣辱观的核心是爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义观念。中华文明的优良道德传统中始终把民族利益、国家利益放在至高无上的地位,始终强调个人对社会的奉献。正是这种把群体价值视为道德核心的民族文化,形成了我们民族特有的以民族利益和国家利益为首位的荣辱观。因此,一个人对群体价值的奉行和贡献,构成了社会评价个人荣辱的基本标准。知荣明耻,最根本的就是要“坚持以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻,以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻”,在做好本职工作（JOB）中服务祖国,造福人民。
观念成习惯,规范变行动,这是知与行相统一、教育与实践相结合的过程。倡导社会主义荣辱观的最终目的,就是要把“八荣八耻”所倡导的道德准则,变成每个公民的做法标准和所有社会成员的自觉行动。在这一个过程中,我们要从现实出发,从我做起,从小事做起,注重思想意识和做法习惯的养成教育,把社会主义荣辱观渗透到日常工作（JOB）和生活中去,融入到各种精神文明的创建活动之中,让人们在实践中领悟“八荣八耻”的精神实质,在为家庭谋幸福、为他人送温暖、为社会作奉献的行动中,感受真情、领悟崇高、体验光荣,进而推动全社会文明风尚的形成。
精神文明创建活动是组织动员群众广泛参与道德实践的有效载体。我们要把知荣明耻的道德实践活动与精神文明创建活动结合起来,充实内容、创新形式、拓展领域,让更多的人参与到树立社会主义荣辱观的道德实践中来。人们在创建活动中相互影响所产生的群体效应,对推动良好社会风气的形成具有重要作用。要充分发挥创建活动群众参与广、社会影响大的优势,把树立社会主义荣辱观的规定纳入创建工作（JOB）的目标任务,贯穿到活动的整个过程,覆盖到广大城乡基层。
我们要在知荣明耻、扬荣抑耻的道德实践中发现和宣传道德楷模,发现和宣传身边的好人好事,激励人们尊荣弃耻、见贤思齐。广大党员干部特别是各级领导干部要以身作则、率先垂范,做“八荣八耻”的积极实践者,用自己的模范言行和人格力量引领社会风尚。以社会主义荣辱观为主题的道德实践活动是弘扬社会正气、塑造美好心灵的过程。这个活动所结出的丰硕果实,必将为顺利实现“十一五”筹划和全面建设小康社会的伟大目标,提供良好的道德环境和强大的精神动力。
来源：光明日报
考博英语作文话题综合（国内版）
The Top Ten Most Popular Terms (01/15/2007)
(YCWB; Southern Metropolis Daily) Even though the National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center heads the list of sponsors, there is no scientific basis to determine which are the most popular terms in Chinese newspapers, radio and television. Nevertheless, the selections will give some sense of the Zeitgeist. In 2002, there were terms such as 短信 (SMS), 降息 (interest rate reduction), 十六大 (Sixteenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party); in 2003, there was 非典 (SARS), 隔离 (isolation), 三峡工程 (The Three Gorges Project); in 2004, there was 科学成长观 (the scientific development approach), 执政能力 (ability of governance), 审计风暴 (audit storm); in 2005, there was 保持***员先进性教育 (sustain the progressive education of Communist Party members), 十一五筹划 (The Eleventh Five-year plan), 神舟六号 (Shenzhou 6).
In 2006, the top ten terms were 和谐社会 (harmonious society), 社会主义新农村 (new socialist rural villages), 青藏铁路 (Qinghai-Tibet Railroad), 自主创新 (autonomous innovation), 社会主义荣辱观 (socialist definitions of honor and shame), 中非合作论坛 (Sino-African Cooperative Forum), 消费税 (consumption tax), 长征精神 (the spirit of the Long March), 非物质文化遗产 (non-materialistic cultural heritage). （kaobo.net编辑整理，转载请注明出处）
The commentary about this list is that it tends to be 'too harmonious.' But even a healthy body can sometimes experience pain. So here are some popular terms that were not mentioned: 流氓软件 (spyware), 潜规则 (hidden rules), 假药 (fake medicine), 食品安全 (food safety), 多宝鱼 (turbot fish), 平价医院 (cheap hospital), 福寿螺 (Amazonian snail), 狂犬病 (rabies), 红心鸭蛋 (red-cored duck egg), 汉芯 (Hanxin microchips), 恶搞 (spoof), 福利腐败 (welfare corruption). （kaobo.net编辑整理，转载请注明出处）
In the sports category, the listed top ten terms are Liu Xiang, Bird Nest, Water Cube, etc. Missing was 冠军搓澡工 (champion bathing assistant), in reference to the former champion weightlifter Zhou Chunlan who is presently working in a bathhouse as a rubbing assistant. Zhou had said: "When I was first selected to become a weightlifter, the coach started giving me medicine that he said would make me stronger and deliver better results. My present educational level is third grade, elementary school. I don't even know how to do pinyin. It is a lot more difficult to earn a living than training." （kaobo.net编辑整理，转载请注明出处）
张培元
由国家语言资源监测与研究中心等企业联合发布的2006年中国（CHINA）报纸、广播、电视十大流行语新鲜出炉，“青藏铁路”“消费税”分别位居综合类十大流行语的第三位和第八位，其他七个流行语依次为：和谐社会、社会主义新农村、自主创新、社会主义荣辱观、中非合作论坛、长征精神、非物质文化遗产。
人们常说，语言是思想的外壳。流行语作为社会文化思潮的“外壳”，它所展现的不仅仅是一个特定时期的话语流行色，同时也折射了某个时代人们的审美情趣、文化内涵、人文风尚、价值水平和社会心理。中国（CHINA）主流媒体的十大流行语发布活动已开展了5年，每次盘点，都能给人以无穷回味。
从2002年的“短信”“降息”“十六大”、2003年的“非典”“隔离”“三峡工程”、2004年的“科学成长观”“执政能力”“审计风暴”、2005年的“保持***员先进性教育”、“十一五”筹划、神舟六号，到流行于2006年的“和谐社会”、“社会主义新农村”、“自主创新”，结绳纪事的语言符号忠实地记录了时代的脉动，把它们串起来，就是一册高度浓缩了的编年史。
品味2006年流行语，绝大多数词汇都传递出和谐的气息，表达着和谐的诉求，闪耀着和谐的光彩。如和谐社会、社会主义新农村，不仅仅是上口率极高的词汇，更是一种正在变为现实的目标；如青藏铁路、循环经济，已成为经济社会又好又快成长、建设事业蒸蒸日上的美丽剪影；如社区卫生服务、平价医院，见证着以人为本政策的渐次落地；如孔子、百家讲坛、于丹、易中天、草根文化，寓意着优秀传统文化的回归与传承；再如机器人、概念车、科博会，承载着科技强国的民族复兴梦……
当然，也有一些流行语所呈现的话语色彩并不那么美好，甚至已成为老百姓记忆深处难以祛除的疼痛。诸如流氓软件、潜规则、看病难、假药、食品安全、多宝鱼、平价医院、欣弗、福寿螺、狂犬病、红心鸭蛋、汉芯、恶搞等——这些另类流行语无时无刻地提醒我们，一个健康的躯体必须保持疼痛这种条件反射，这些词儿就代表着社会的疼点、现实的不和谐点，只有下大力气将其消除，和谐的目标才能最终实现，老百姓的利益才能得到真正保障。
我手写我心、我口抒我心，和谐音符居多的流行语盘点真实反映了公众心声，由黄钟大吕和乡野微音一同激荡出的和谐主旋律，必将在新一年焕发更加美丽的流行色。
来源：人民网
考博英语作文话题之三：人类与环境
The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerablebecauseof environmental destruction. Bird flu and Sars are twotypicalexamples that environmental destruction may threaten ourlife.Besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution resultindecrease of planting land and unpleasant weather.
Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measurestodeal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt thepolicyof “sustainable development”, and laws concerningenvironmentalprotection should be put into effect and enforcedstrictly just asour government has been doing.
What s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness oftheproblem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment.Inaddition, planting trees helps improve and beautifytheenvironment.
